Hello, readers here today is something special for learner, Geeks and Programming Beginners. I have uploaded some programming books. Download it and Learn, and all E-books are Verified, 100 % Virus Free. All E-books are in PDF Format with Images and Examples to understand Every Coding Method.

 C Programming
         C Programming is one of the Popular and most Wanted Programming language ever, C is very useful to create Softwares and Programming Software, mostly C Programming is widely used in Programming Linux, Windows and OS. 

• C Programming Coding and Methods
• C Programming for Beginners
• C Programming Medium Level Tutorials
• C Sharp Programming Advance
• Deep C Programming Advance

Google Penguin

is a code name for a Google algorithm update that was first announced on April 24, 2012. The update is aimed at decreasing search engine rankings of websites that violate Google’s

Webmaster Guidelines by using now declared black-hat SEO techniques, such as keyword stuffing,cloaking, participating in link schemes, deliberate creation of duplicate content, and others. Unlike PageRank, however, Google makes all updates to this algorithm public.

Introduction To Basic Terminal Commands For Linux - Part 1


In this tutorial you will learn to use linux terminal. You will learn to navigate on the terminal, learn to create and remove file and much more. Most of this commands also works on Mac Os X and powershell on windows.

What Is Terminal ?
Basically you are reading this tutorial because you are new to linux or want to learn using terminal to navigate. Before you get started you must have linux installed or running virtually on your computer. I would recommend downloading fedora or ubuntu (If you have trouble installing ubuntu leave a comment below and i will post a tutorial).

Commands To Remember
This are some of commands you must remember which will help you to use terminal more easily.
ls - it will list all files and folder in your current directory
ls -l it will give detailt listing of all files and folders
ls -a it will list all files and folder in your current directory including hidden files (files and folders that begin with period)
pwd will print your working directory or simply your current directory

Navigating In Terminal
Here i may refer folder as directory so dont get confused. This is the term we use in linux for folders.

cd - cd stands for change directory. we use cd follow by path address to navigate ro that folder.
Eg: cd Desktop will make desktop as my current directory.
cd / will make root as you current directory
cd ~ will make home as your current directory
Typing cd alone is same as cd ~ and it will make home as your current directory
cd .. will make parent directory i.e directory above your current directory
cd ../../ will take you two folder up

Creating Files And Folder
mkdir - we use mkdir follow by path or folder name to create a directory
Eg mkdir car will create directory car in your current directory
to create folder recursively i.e folder inside folder inside folder we use -p flag
Eg mkdir -p vehicles/car/truck will create directory vehicles in your current directory which have car inside it and car has directory truck in it.

touch - we use touch follow by file name to create empty file.

Removing Files And Folders
rmdir - we use rmdir follow by path to to remove any directory. This will not work if folder you are trying to remove has something in it.
rm -r to remove file recursively which can not be removed by rmdir
rm - We use this command to remove files

Solution to all most all compilation errors

Code, of course, is a word with a long history, and it pops up again during the history of the telegraph, because if Samuel Morse contributed one real invention, it wasn't the electrical telegraph, it was the Morse code. It was a solution to the problem of converting information from one form to another - in his case, from the form of a written alphabet into another form that was suitable for sending across electrical wires as pulses. That was a tricky problem and it’s a problem that was solved in a different way through a process of social evolution by drummers in Africa. And yet, it is the same problem that, when solved, leads to the creation of information theory, the understanding that information exists on different levels, in different forms and needs to be converted from one to another. That is an understanding that really is summed up in a single word, and the word is code.

What is Logic???

Logic (from the Greek λογική, logikē)[1] has two senses; it is the study of modes of reasoning (those which are valid, and those which are fallacious)[2][3] as well as the use of valid reasoning. In the latter sense, logic is used in most intellectual activities, including philosophy and science, but in the first sense, it is primarily studied in the disciplines of philosophy, mathematics, semantics, and computer science. It examines general forms that arguments may take. In mathematics, it is the study of valid inferences within some formal language.[4] Logic is also studied in argumentation theory.[5]
Logic was studied in several ancient civilizations, including India,[6] China,[7], Persia and Greece. In the West, logic was established as a formal discipline by Aristotle, who gave it a fundamental place in philosophy. The study of logic was part of the classical trivium, which also included grammar and rhetoric. In the East, logic was developed by Buddhists and Jainists.

Software Engineering

Software engineering (SE) is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the design, development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering to software.[1][2][3] In layman's terms, it is the act of using insights to conceive, model and scale a solution to a problem. The first reference to the term is the 1968 NATO Software Engineering Conference and was meant to provoke thought regarding the perceived "software crisis" at the time.[4][5][6] Software development, a much used and more generic term, does not necessarily subsume the engineering paradigm. The generally accepted concepts of Software Engineering as an engineering discipline have been specified in the Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK). The SWEBOK has become an internationally accepted standard ISO/IEC TR 19759:2005.[7]
For those who wish to become recognized as professional software engineers, the IEEE offers two certifications (Certified Software Development Associate and Certified Software Development Professional). The IEEE certifications do not use the term Engineer in their title for compatibility reasons. In some parts of the US such as Texas, the use of the term Engineer is regulated only to those who have a Professional Engineer license. Further, in the United States starting from 2013, the NCEES Professional Engineer exam will be available for Software Engineering.[8]

History of Programming

When the first digital computers appeared in the early 1940s,[9] the instructions to make them operate were wired into the machine. Practitioners quickly realized that this design was not flexible and came up with the "stored program architecture" or von Neumann architecture. Thus the division between "hardware" and "software" began with abstraction being used to deal with the complexity of computing.
Programming languages started to appear in the 1950s and this was also another major step in abstraction. Major languages such as Fortran, ALGOL, and COBOL were released in the late 1950s to deal with scientific, algorithmic, and business problems respectively. E.W. Dijkstra wrote his seminal paper, "Go To Statement Considered Harmful",[10] in 1968 and David Parnas introduced the key concept of modularity and information hiding in 1972[11] to help programmers deal with the ever increasing complexity of software systems. A software system for managing the hardware called an operating system was also introduced, most notably by Unix in 1969. In 1967, the Simula language introduced the object-oriented programming paradigm.
These advances in software were met with more advances in computer hardware. In the mid-1970s, the microcomputer was introduced, making it economical for hobbyists to obtain a computer and write software for it. This in turn led to the now famous Personal Computer (PC). The Software Development Life Cycle or SDLC was also starting to appear as a consensus for centralized construction of software in the mid-1980s. The late 1970s and early 1980s saw the introduction of several new Simula-inspired object-oriented programming languages, including Smalltalk, Objective-C, and C++.
Open-source software started to appear in the early 90s in the form of Linux and other software introducing the "bazaar" or decentralized style of constructing software.[12] Then the World Wide Web and the popularization of the Internet hit in the mid 90s, changing the engineering of software once again. Distributed systems gained sway as a way to design systems, and the Java programming language was introduced with its own virtual machine as another step in abstraction. Programmers collaborated and wrote the Agile Manifesto, which favored more lightweight processes to create cheaper and more timely software.
The current definition of software engineering is still being debated by practitioners today as they struggle to come up with ways to produce software that is "cheaper, better, faster". Cost reduction has been a primary focus of the IT industry since the 1990s. Total cost of ownership represents the costs of more than just acquisition. It includes things like productivity impediments, upkeep efforts, and resources needed to support infrastructure.

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